Saturday, December 28, 2019

Free Will A Society Based On Rules And Conditions For...

Jennifer Gephart Mrs. Hammock English 101 19 September 2015 Free Will Very few people in today’s society actually have free will. Free Will is described by Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"the ability to act at one’s own discretion.† America is a society based on rules and conditions for freedom. For this reason, one could argue that free will does not actually exist in American society. B.F. Skinner argues that we, in society, are like conditioned animals in his experiments, based on rewards and punishments of our environment. It is the author’s position that outside of a select few individuals, who society views as outcasts or reclusive, that free will simply does not exist. In agreeing with Skinner’s idea with free will and the approach towards society to think there is no cost of free will but in fact free will is never free. The idea that we are conditioned to believe we are free and to have the ability to do what we want without consequences sets society to behave in a way that rules are ignored and we are free to do what we want without punishments. The United States of America is viewed by many people as â€Å"The Land of the Free† and the only place in the world that you can live free and have the opportunity to choose your â€Å"destiny† based on free will. Many think that American’s have total free will and your only obstacle is your own mind setting limits for your personal achievements. The reality of living in America, however, isShow MoreRelatedThe Political Ideology Of Anarchism And On The Main Believes Of This Ideology1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthis ideology. It will then specifically take under consideration the belief that the society could survive without the state which is seen as an evil. In conclusion, it will discuss how the absence of government would affect people’s lives. Anarchism derives by anarchy which means no rules. It‘s a philosophy that has is the centre humans. It focusses on leadership because all humans cooperate to establish rules that has to be respect by themselves, on decision making made by humans and not byRead MoreDemocracy : A Dominant Form Of Democracy899 Words   |  4 Pagesthat, democracy establishes freedom of choice and rule of the people. In relation, there are many forms of democracy, however there are two dominant forms of democracy that have established order within the nation, the two democracies are direct and representative democracy. The direct democracy was dominant in traditional society. In the traditional society democracy was direct where individuals in society participated in law making for all individuals in the society. (Wagschal, 1997, p. 225). TheRead MoreExamples Of Realism In The Story Of An Hour892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end, she becomes insane and finally finds her freedom. The Story of An Hour is about, Mrs. Mallard, a woman who has just found out her husband has died. Mrs. Mallard locks herself in a room so she can experience joy and freedom away from society. After an hour of doing this, her husband arrives back home. His reappearance causes Mrs. Mallard to lose her freedom and she dies. In both stories the women face oppression to gain their freedom, but not without cost. The women in both stories haveRead MoreAn Analysis Of Rousseau s On The Social Contract 898 Words   |  4 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau famously declares, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† In this essay, I will attempt to explain this famous quote of Rousseau’s. Moreover, through a careful exposition of â€Å"On the Social Contract,† I intend to explain Rousseau’s proposed solution to the conundrum of freedom in society. The preliminary investigation into Rousseau originates with an account of his assertion that, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† Rousseau postulatesRead MoreThe Puritan Position On The Church Of England1123 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Puritans assisted greatly in transforming the society, politics and religion of the American history. In a society that has adequate resources, an individual should have legal right to the benefits of state-supplied welfare. The right should be conditional, under the conditions that one is willing to work. The Puritan position focuses on the rights of mentally and physically disabled people. The position assumes that there are no free riders on the contribution and efforts of others. TheRead MorePolitical Freedom: Arendt and de Tocqueville Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Freedom: Arendt and de Tocqueville Freedom in America emanates from the state of political freedom held by the citizens. Both Hannah Arendt and Alexis de Tocqueville provide criticism of the apparent shape freedom maintains in America as well as insight regarding how they perceive true political freedom. By using the observations and criticisms of de Tocqueville and the vision of Arendt, the position of modern America and its relation toRead MoreFreedom Is The Power Of Act Without Being Compelled Or Restrained906 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is the power to act without being compelled or restrained. Metaphysical freedom holds that a human decision or action is a person’s own responsibility along with that praise and blame maybe appropriately ascribed. In which freedom seems to be not only the presupposition of the good life, but also the logical prerequisite for morality and moral responsibility. Liberation is the capacity to make choices that are not determined by force from others, such as having someone decide which collegeRead MoreSputnik, The Russian State Into The Vast Realm Of Space887 Words   |  4 Pagesperceived as an entirely new sense of freedom. Under the guise of freedom from nature, however, modernity instead restricts the human capacity to participate in meaningful action therein creating a dependency upon technology and automation, leaving mankind bound by a newfound imprisonment. Over the course of centuries, the concept of freedom obtained numerous interpretations and meanings; however, each maintained ties to the concepts of sovereignty and to freedom. The age of modernity demonstratesRead MoreMarxist Perspectives Of Marx And Weber1533 Words   |  7 Pageswas a birth of a new ideology that based itself on reason and rational through the use scientific observations to better understand the world. The enlightenment movement began with the English revolution in 1688, which replaced the English monarchy with a constitutional monarchy. Then the movement spread to other countries like France, where they were already at the edge of a political revolution. Although geographically speaking, the enlightenment ideal was based in western Europe, which then slowlyRead MoreCase Study on a Pastors Right to Freedom of Speech1570 Words   |  6 PagesThe pastor’s right to freedom of speech is justified by the harm principle and the necessity for truth in a democr atic society. John Stuart Mill presents a liberal view for the defense of free speech in favour for the fullest liberty to debate (1978, 15). Yet, Mill’s harm principle states the government can rightfully interfere with the pastor’s freedom of expression under the condition to prevent harm to the homosexual community (pg. 9) One problem that emerges is the lack of a universal consensus

Friday, December 20, 2019

The United States And The Universal Declaration Of Human...

The United States and twenty-six other nations formed the United Nations in 1945, three years later in 1948 the United Nations released the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. was in favor for it. Article 25 of this Declaration states Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services. One would think that a country in favor for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights would abide by it, but in the case of Article 25 the United States does not. The state of health of the Indigenous people living in America is far below the average standard of living compared to the rest of the nation s population. Natives have been cast into a low spot on the social chain ever since whites came from Europe and it still shows today but in different forms. American Indians/Alaska Natives face major disparities in both mental and physical healt h across the country. To start off, the physical state of health of Native Americans is far below the rest of the American people. They face more disease and death than any other population in the United States. In an article written by Michelle Sarche, a professor at UC Denver, and Paul Spicer titled Poverty and Health Disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native Children: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects, they state, According to the Indian Health Service (IHS), the federalShow MoreRelatedThe United States Universal Declaration Of Human Rights2223 Words   |  9 PagesThe state of Ohio responded by taking the family to court to attempt to force the girl into chemotherapy, which they argued was necessary to save her life. The court ruled in favor of the government, and in response the family fled the country, arguing that the treatment violated their cultural and religious norms, and there was no assurance that it would be effective. This case brings up several complicated issues of human rights that implicate principles from the United Nations’ Universal DeclarationRead MoreHealth Care Issues Of The United States Universal Declaration Of Human Rights2635 Words   |  11 Pages Outline I. Introduction A. Hook The best chance of survival is having food and shelter to come back to every night after a long day full of workloads and stress. B. Thesis Health care is a basic human right every citizen in the United States should receive and be granted no matter the circumstance. II. Points A. Article #1 - Health Care Legislation 1. Before Obama signed the PPACA into law, insurance companies held most of the power over policyholders. 2. When Obama took office, he vowed toRead MoreWhat Are Human Rights? Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe rights you have simply because you are human Every single human being on this planet has rights (What Are Human Rights, n.d). These rights are given to us through birth, and the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself speechless. I did not know how to answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot about the question that had me so puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an assignment on the United Nations Universal Declaration ofRead MoreTheu.s. Bill Of Rights And The Un Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1039 Words   |  5 PagesContrast the Views of Rights in the U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are documents that were created to tell the rights we as human beings are entitled to have. The documents were designed to keep order so we can live productive lives. The documents stop us from being taken advantage of and extorted by others. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights offers us a voiceRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a Hard Law Instrument1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the first global human rights treaty that was formulated. The main driving force behind the formation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was the Second World War, which in it course saw some of the worst human atrocities being committed on a global scale. The Declaration was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on the 10th of December 1948. The term  soft law  refers to legal instruments which do not have any legally binding forceRead MoreThe, Universal Declaration Of Human Rights980 Words   |  4 Pages Sovereign states, in addition to civil society, began to united together in order to ensure history would not repeat itself. This action culminated in the advent of the United Nations. Formed with the intention of promoting international peace and cooperation among sovereign states, the United Nations seemed like a logical step in to ensuring universal rights. In 1948, the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† was adopted with the intention of protecting and ensuring human rights, which had becomeRead MoreReflection on Human Rights821 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay on Universal Declaration of Human Rights Every single human being on this planet has rights. These rights are given to us through birth, and the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself speechless. I did not know how to answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot about the question that had me so puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an assignment on the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After readingRead MoreGenocide In Darfur Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines the liberties set for everyone in the World. Established in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights displays the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to.   The situation in Darfur, Sudan is known as Genocide, Genocide is defined as a systematic extermination or attempt at exterminating a national, political, racial or cultural group. The Darfur Genocide has violated Article #3, Article #5 and Article #9 of t he Universal DeclarationRead MoreHow Do the Principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Relate to the Saint Leo University Core Value of Community?997 Words   |  4 PagesThe principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights relates to the Saint Leo Universities core value of community in a lot of different ways. Part of Saint Leo’ mission statement is to create a student-centered environment in which love of learning is of prime importance. Members of the community are expected to examine and express their own values, listen respectfully to and respond to the opinions of others, serve the community in which they live, welcome others intoRead MoreRefugees Of Refugees And Asylees Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesmembership in a particular social group, according to Bridging Refugee Youth Children Services article, â€Å"Refugee 101.† In the United States, refugee and asylees resettlement was reestablished in the 1980’s. So far, 1.8 million people came to live in the US and annually, about 40,000 to 75,000 people are approved as refugee arrivals or asylees. â€Å"According to a 2009 report by the United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR), 42 million people around the world were uprooted from their homes due to conflict or persecution

Thursday, December 12, 2019

European Union & Switzerland’s Banking Union

Question: Read the article: Charlemagne. (2014). Hail Helvetia. The Economist, 412 (8896), 39. Then, write an essay in your own words to explain the key message(s) from this article and the key lesson(s) that you draw from it. Answer: Introduction: Euro Zone is the worlds largest economic region with its currency as euro which is considered as the most liquid currency when compared with other currencies of the world. The currency of this region is developing and is widely accepted over a period of time and is taking prominent position in the various central banks of the world. It is a geographic and economic region that is composed of member countries of European Union those have adopted euro as their national currency. Here the topic of discussion is an article Some Swiss lessons for the euro zone. This article discusses about the euro crisis and how is it affecting the Germanic north and Latin south whose rift is not filled yet with the efforts of integration made since decades. Various economists and scientists have failed to solve this puzzle of crisis and each has their own say about the causes of this crisis between countries. Some of the causes suggested are patterns of industrialization, literacy and Catholic and protestant attitudes of sin and redemption. Belgium offers a sign of worry towards euro as it is becoming a dysfunctional body with its over bureaucratic policies which involves confusing and complex governments and sub governments and a situation of critical and bitter indignation had aroused between French speaking south and subsiding north (Hulme, 2009). Despite all these conditions Switzerland which had faced all linguistic and religious splits is bearing the fruits of democracy with prosperity and contentment. It is neither a part of EU nor of Euro zones ec onomic area. Switzerland is dealing with Brussels with many bilateral deals and they had a fear of being thrashed by Swiss referendum on priority basis as because of that the free movement of workers was curtailed. EU had been always been inspired by America which is a continental federation but the patterns of Swiss of bringing Catholics and Protestants together would have been studied. They even brought speakers of Germany, France and Rome together so that they can work for improving the situation. The common stereotype was broken by Swiss when the French- speaking cantons that are rich such as Geneva and Vaud paid for poor Germans like for Uri. Swiss are offering services for everyone such as high standard of living as that of Scandinavians, fiscal rigor like that of Germany , Irish tax competition, British cussedness about EU, solidarity transfers styles adopted from model of France and Luxemburg like patterns used for bank secrecy. Switzerland is having its own currency union that is successful and is without the superior orders from EU that involves everything such as deficits to labor policy, pensions and investments. It provides a lesson to all that a feasible and meaningful doctrine of sub-sidiarity that states that all the essential tasks should be performed by the government on initial levels (Thomson, 2009). Economist of Germany had also pointed out the enforced mechanism of no-bail-out-rule of Switzerland for controlling public spending. The model of Switzerland has remarked a great thing of how to be kept working in times of crisis that is by paying back debts in good times with running surpluses creates a wider scope to respond to crisis. But euro zone is putting too much austerity on troubled countries. Banking union of Switzerland uses European Unions term that is smaller the terms followed by euro zone through which it covers three banks that are operating on systematic basis (Arestis, 2001). The p owers have be given up to confederation piecemeal by Cantons for its rights of raising taxes that are reviewed periodically and are delegated to people working on lower levels of the government. The rules for a balanced budget and voters have been drafted by Cantons as they were forced by voters for the same confederations. Exceptional spending can be easily approved by Confederations for example it saved USB bank which is a big bank. With all the discussion done till yet it is clear that confederation provides a guarantee to the system. At the time of crisis in 2008 when financial crisis were at its height the interest rates slashed down by Swiss National Bank was more than it was done by European Central bank. As it was not comfortable about buying debts but had foreign assets in huge quantities for holding Swiss franc (Wallace, 2010). The main difference between Switzerlands baking union and EU is that Switzerland calls itself a confederation although it is a federation on the other hand Euro is a currency that is pretended as federal. It is having 18 national economic and fiscal policies sets. The confederal budget is 11% of GDP which is more than that of EU which is just 1% of GDP. Swiss equalization fund can be a learning example for EU because it has a system of transfers which is transparent that allows transfers from richer regions to poorer regions. This is done by reckoning payments annually according to tax base and by providing lump sum amounts instead of semi- hidden subsidies (Gabel, 2009). The freedom of action of Cantons is preserved by the system and encourages tax competition. The economy as one absorbed the imbalances between Swiss cantons and shocks that affected many others also. Conclusion: The whole discussion proves that Switzerland is doing better than EU and after centuries of political unity had passed the Swiss monetary union attained its position whereas a reverse trend was followed by euro. The political scenario of Switzerland is full of arguments about monetary matters. Even at times referendums played a role of social divisions and stroked an anti-foreigner populism. Any condition that is feasible for one country may not be feasible for the other as for most of the EU countries neutrality is not an option. Through a no-bail-out-rule for restoring the market discipline, more feasible fiscal federalism, a thought of single market and a more thoughtful budget of EU by Switzerland will help in the establishment of system that requires less bossy interference of Brussels. The system will be termed as more accountable with its own resources and with clearly defined tasks to be performed at every level of the government. Transcended political identity will be establ ished by direct democracy. EU must take steps to improve its condition and policies which are prevailing in the market so that it can retain its position of being the worlds largest economic region else it will lose its position and credibility. Economic policies must be framed in such a manner that they are suitable for the maximum number of its members and even for those who want to avail the serves of the group or even can be its potential members. References: Arrests, P., McCauley, K., Sawyer, M. (2001). Commentary. An alternative stability pact for the European Union.Cambridge Journal of Economics,25(1), 113-130. Gabel, M. J. (2009).Interests and integration: Market liberalization, public opinion, and European Union. University of Michigan Press. Hulme, P. E., Pyek, P., Nentwig, W., Vil, M. (2009). Will threat of biological invasions unite the European Union.Science,324(5923), 40-41. Thomson, S., Foubister, T., Mossialos, E. (2009).Financing health care in the European Union: challenges and policy responses. World Health Organization. Wallace, H., Pollack, M. A., Young, A. R. (Eds.). (2010).Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford university press.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Radiation Management Carbon Dioxide Removalâ€Myassignmenhthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Radiation Management Carbon Dioxide Removal? Answer: Introducation Hotel Hilton Sydney is located at the heart of the city and offers access to the best tourist attractions in Sydney like the Sydney Opera House. The hotel has luxurious room for guests, gourmet restaurants and guests are provided with amenities like fitness center and Alysium spa. However, the local community in Australia, the society in the neighborhood, government and suppliers are important stakeholders of Hotel Hilton. The hotel should adopt Stakeholder Value Analysis Model and publish sustainability reports to resolve issues like Green house gas emission, Waste management which includes reduction of food waste (Agrawal, Kaushik and Rahman 2015). Discussion Hotel Hilton should not only focus on creating value for shareholders and customers but the management of the famous hotel should focus on creating value for its stakeholders which includes the local people in Australia, society, neighborhood and government. The management of the hotel should focus on reducing greenhouse gas emission and on using renewable energy. The management of Hotel Hilton should address issue related to the waste management which includes food waste (Steg et al 2014). Stakholder Theory The issues that are faced by Hotel Hilton can be fit into the Clifton Model for analysis of stakeholders. The purpose of the stakeholder mapping and model is as follows The models of stakeholder analysis help in the identification of the stakeholders of the organization Models of stakeholder Analysis help to categorize and prioritize the stakeholders of an organization Modes of stakeholder Analysis help in determination of the actions that managers of an organization should adopt towards each stakeholder. According to the Mitchell et al model, the stakeholders of the company can be categorized into stakeholders who have attributes of power, urgency and legitimacy. According to the Mitchell et al model, managers of an organization give more attention and importance to the stakeholders who hold two or all three of the attributes of power, urgency and legitimacy The Mitchell et al. and other models of stakeholder Analysis act as practical tools for stakeholder analysis for managers. Brief introduction of Clifton Model The Clifton Model suggests that the models of stakeholder analysis which give preference to stakeholders with high power are not consistent with the sustainable world and they violate the idea of justice. Organizations should not give importance to stakeholders with high power as it is morally incorrect. The Clifton Model also suggests that other attributes like legitimacy, interests and urgency are also troublesome. The Clifton Model suggests that the models of analysis of stakeholders like Mitchell et al and Johnson et al are against the basic principles which are fundamental to create a sustainable world. The management of Hotel Hilton should focus on creating value for stakeholders like employees, customers, communities, government, suppliers. The management should not only focus on short term profitability by creating value for its shareholders but should focus on long term sustainability by enhancing value for its stakeholders(Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths 2014) The Parties That Have An Interest In The Issue The Triple Bottom Line of Business (TBL) are people, planet and profit and the sustainable development is broadly classified into three sectors like the economy, systems and environment. The organizations adopt the Triple Bottom Line Model to evaluate their performance and create value for stakeholders. The three sectors economy, systems and people are interconnected and should not be considered as separate units. Green house gas emission, disposal of waste and improper management of food waste can impact major stakeholders of Hotel Hilton like society, the Australian community, people of neighborhood, employees, customers and government (Reypens, Lievens and Blazevic 2016). The management should focus on wastage of food and should focus on recycling of waste from the operational activities in the hotel. Stakeholders involved in this issue are the customers, management, employees and the society and Australian community is impacted by this issue. The food waste impacts stakeholders because when the customers of the hotel waste food the manpower involved in preparing, storing and transporting the food is wasted. Rotting of food produces methane which has 21 times threat to global warming that carbon dioxide (Preston 2013). There are a lot of wastes produced in the day-to-day operational activities of the hotel. The guests of the Hotel Hilton are its major stakeholders who generate wastes in the form of cardboard, paper and plastic. The management should focus on managing these wastes to create value for stakeholders like the society, neighborhood, community and government. Land-filling of wastes is harmful for the environment and leads to emission of carbon dioxide and methane in the air and pesticides into groundwater and earth. Land-filling is also a costly process and the wastes have to be taken to the land filling sites which might be far from the premises of Hotel Hilton resulting in consumption of fuel and emission of green house gas. The management can create value for stakeholders by addressing these issues (Pera, Occhiocupo and Clarke 2016). The management of Hotel Hilton should also focus on creating value for its stakeholders like the society and community at international and national level by addressing issues of climate change. Hotel Hilton Sydney should create value for stakeholders by addressing issues like global warming and ozone depletion. The emission of greenhouse gas like chloro-fluro carbons, carbon dioxide from the premises of Hotel Hilton and use of non-renewable energy in projects of the hotel prevents the hotel to create value for stakeholders (Adger et al 2013). Australia is already a warm place and is vulnerable to change of the climate and most of the population in Australia lives by the coast (Clayton and Myers 2015).Climate change can have a serious impact on the economy and environment of the Australian community and Hotel Hilton should address this issue to enhance value for the stakeholders including customers, employees and community. Hotel Hilton Sydney should also create value for its stakeholders like employees and customers and community by managing water waste. The hotel pays utility bills for water once it purchases water and again when water is disposed. Hotel Hilton can create value for these stakeholders by controlling the amount of water consumed by its employees and guests. Community in Australia faces pressures for supply of water and the Hotel. The hotel can create value for stakeholders like community, government and employees by waste water management (Singaraju et al 2016). Techniques For Engaging Stakeholders The Hotel Hilton Sydney should engage internal stakeholders like employees and management by applying the method of carbon offsetting. This method will enable Hotel Hilton to address the issue of global warming by controlling greenhouse gas emission and investing in projects of the hotel that has less greenhouse gas emission. The hotel can involve its stakeholder to purchase credit of renewable energy. One credit of carbon is equivalent to one tone of Carbon Dioxide. The Hotel Hilton Sydney can make use of renewable energy from wind and solar power source. The company can provide solution to climate change by involving its stakeholders to support the move to clean and renewable energy. The Company should focus on creating value for its stakeholders by engaging customers and employees in managing food waste. Food waste can be measured by collecting the waste in 3 separate bins and employees of the hotel should be encouraged to avoid food and water wastes in kitchen. The waste should be recycled and awareness should be spread among guests visiting the hotel to reduce wastes in the form of plastic and cardboard. Conclusion Travelers especially business travelers and corporate groups search for credentials of sustainability before staying in a hotel. The Hotel Hilton Sydney should focus on creating value for stakeholder by focusing on long term sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility, addressing environmental issues should be of prime importance to the hotel. The hotel should focus on addressing issues related to greenhouse gas emission, climate change, waste management including food waste and water waste. Society, community and government are important stakeholders of Hotel Hilton and thus the hotel should not only focus on creating profitability for shareholders but should also create value for its stakeholders by addressing issues of environment and climate change. References Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N. and O'brien, K., 2013. Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation.Nature Climate Change,3(2), p.112. Agrawal, A.K., Kaushik, A.K. and Rahman, Z., 2015. Co-creation of social value through integration of stakeholders.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,189, pp.442-448. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability.Routledge. Clayton, S. and Myers, G., 2015.Conservation psychology: Understanding and promoting human care for nature. John Wiley Sons. Pera, R., Occhiocupo, N. and Clarke, J., 2016. Motives and resources for value co-creation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem: A managerial perspective.Journal of Business Research,69(10), pp.4033-4041. Preston, C.J., 2013. Ethics and geoengineering: reviewing the moral issues raised by solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(1), pp.23-37. Reypens, C., Lievens, A. and Blazevic, V., 2016.Leveraging value in multi-stakeholder innovation networks: A process framework for value co-creation and capture.Industrial Marketing Management,56, pp.40-50. Singaraju, S.P., Nguyen, Q.A., Niininen, O. and Sullivan-Mort, G., 2016. Social media and value co-creation in multi-stakeholder systems: A resource integration approach.Industrial Marketing Management,54, pp.44-55. Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J.W., Keizer, K. and Perlaviciute, G., 2014. An integrated framework for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of values, situational factors and goals.Journal of Environmental Psychology,38, pp.104-115.