Free Will A Society Based On Rules And Conditions For...

Jennifer Gephart Mrs. Hammock English 101 19 September 2015 Free Will Very few people in today’s society actually have free will. Free Will is described by Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"the ability to act at one’s own discretion.† America is a society based on rules and conditions for freedom. For this reason, one could argue that free will does not actually exist in American society. B.F. Skinner argues that we, in society, are like conditioned animals in his experiments, based on rewards and punishments of our environment. It is the author’s position that outside of a select few individuals, who society views as outcasts or reclusive, that free will simply does not exist. In agreeing with Skinner’s idea with free will and the approach towards society to think there is no cost of free will but in fact free will is never free. The idea that we are conditioned to believe we are free and to have the ability to do what we want without consequences sets society to behave in a way that rules are ignored and we are free to do what we want without punishments. The United States of America is viewed by many people as â€Å"The Land of the Free† and the only place in the world that you can live free and have the opportunity to choose your â€Å"destiny† based on free will. Many think that American’s have total free will and your only obstacle is your own mind setting limits for your personal achievements. The reality of living in America, however, isShow MoreRelatedThe Political Ideology Of Anarchism And On The Main Believes Of This Ideology1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthis ideology. It will then specifically take under consideration the belief that the society could survive without the state which is seen as an evil. In conclusion, it will discuss how the absence of government would affect people’s lives. Anarchism derives by anarchy which means no rules. It‘s a philosophy that has is the centre humans. It focusses on leadership because all humans cooperate to establish rules that has to be respect by themselves, on decision making made by humans and not byRead MoreDemocracy : A Dominant Form Of Democracy899 Words   |  4 Pagesthat, democracy establishes freedom of choice and rule of the people. In relation, there are many forms of democracy, however there are two dominant forms of democracy that have established order within the nation, the two democracies are direct and representative democracy. The direct democracy was dominant in traditional society. In the traditional society democracy was direct where individuals in society participated in law making for all individuals in the society. (Wagschal, 1997, p. 225). TheRead MoreExamples Of Realism In The Story Of An Hour892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end, she becomes insane and finally finds her freedom. The Story of An Hour is about, Mrs. Mallard, a woman who has just found out her husband has died. Mrs. Mallard locks herself in a room so she can experience joy and freedom away from society. After an hour of doing this, her husband arrives back home. His reappearance causes Mrs. Mallard to lose her freedom and she dies. In both stories the women face oppression to gain their freedom, but not without cost. The women in both stories haveRead MoreAn Analysis Of Rousseau s On The Social Contract 898 Words   |  4 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau famously declares, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† In this essay, I will attempt to explain this famous quote of Rousseau’s. Moreover, through a careful exposition of â€Å"On the Social Contract,† I intend to explain Rousseau’s proposed solution to the conundrum of freedom in society. The preliminary investigation into Rousseau originates with an account of his assertion that, â€Å"Man was/is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† Rousseau postulatesRead MoreThe Puritan Position On The Church Of England1123 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Puritans assisted greatly in transforming the society, politics and religion of the American history. In a society that has adequate resources, an individual should have legal right to the benefits of state-supplied welfare. The right should be conditional, under the conditions that one is willing to work. The Puritan position focuses on the rights of mentally and physically disabled people. The position assumes that there are no free riders on the contribution and efforts of others. TheRead MorePolitical Freedom: Arendt and de Tocqueville Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Freedom: Arendt and de Tocqueville Freedom in America emanates from the state of political freedom held by the citizens. Both Hannah Arendt and Alexis de Tocqueville provide criticism of the apparent shape freedom maintains in America as well as insight regarding how they perceive true political freedom. By using the observations and criticisms of de Tocqueville and the vision of Arendt, the position of modern America and its relation toRead MoreFreedom Is The Power Of Act Without Being Compelled Or Restrained906 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is the power to act without being compelled or restrained. Metaphysical freedom holds that a human decision or action is a person’s own responsibility along with that praise and blame maybe appropriately ascribed. In which freedom seems to be not only the presupposition of the good life, but also the logical prerequisite for morality and moral responsibility. Liberation is the capacity to make choices that are not determined by force from others, such as having someone decide which collegeRead MoreSputnik, The Russian State Into The Vast Realm Of Space887 Words   |  4 Pagesperceived as an entirely new sense of freedom. Under the guise of freedom from nature, however, modernity instead restricts the human capacity to participate in meaningful action therein creating a dependency upon technology and automation, leaving mankind bound by a newfound imprisonment. Over the course of centuries, the concept of freedom obtained numerous interpretations and meanings; however, each maintained ties to the concepts of sovereignty and to freedom. The age of modernity demonstratesRead MoreMarxist Perspectives Of Marx And Weber1533 Words   |  7 Pageswas a birth of a new ideology that based itself on reason and rational through the use scientific observations to better understand the world. The enlightenment movement began with the English revolution in 1688, which replaced the English monarchy with a constitutional monarchy. Then the movement spread to other countries like France, where they were already at the edge of a political revolution. Although geographically speaking, the enlightenment ideal was based in western Europe, which then slowlyRead MoreCase Study on a Pastors Right to Freedom of Speech1570 Words   |  6 PagesThe pastor’s right to freedom of speech is justified by the harm principle and the necessity for truth in a democr atic society. John Stuart Mill presents a liberal view for the defense of free speech in favour for the fullest liberty to debate (1978, 15). Yet, Mill’s harm principle states the government can rightfully interfere with the pastor’s freedom of expression under the condition to prevent harm to the homosexual community (pg. 9) One problem that emerges is the lack of a universal consensus

The United States And The Universal Declaration Of Human...

The United States and twenty-six other nations formed the United Nations in 1945, three years later in 1948 the United Nations released the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. was in favor for it. Article 25 of this Declaration states Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services. One would think that a country in favor for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights would abide by it, but in the case of Article 25 the United States does not. The state of health of the Indigenous people living in America is far below the average standard of living compared to the rest of the nation s population. Natives have been cast into a low spot on the social chain ever since whites came from Europe and it still shows today but in different forms. American Indians/Alaska Natives face major disparities in both mental and physical healt h across the country. To start off, the physical state of health of Native Americans is far below the rest of the American people. They face more disease and death than any other population in the United States. In an article written by Michelle Sarche, a professor at UC Denver, and Paul Spicer titled Poverty and Health Disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native Children: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects, they state, According to the Indian Health Service (IHS), the federalShow MoreRelatedThe United States Universal Declaration Of Human Rights2223 Words   |  9 PagesThe state of Ohio responded by taking the family to court to attempt to force the girl into chemotherapy, which they argued was necessary to save her life. The court ruled in favor of the government, and in response the family fled the country, arguing that the treatment violated their cultural and religious norms, and there was no assurance that it would be effective. This case brings up several complicated issues of human rights that implicate principles from the United Nations’ Universal DeclarationRead MoreHealth Care Issues Of The United States Universal Declaration Of Human Rights2635 Words   |  11 Pages Outline I. Introduction A. Hook The best chance of survival is having food and shelter to come back to every night after a long day full of workloads and stress. B. Thesis Health care is a basic human right every citizen in the United States should receive and be granted no matter the circumstance. II. Points A. Article #1 - Health Care Legislation 1. Before Obama signed the PPACA into law, insurance companies held most of the power over policyholders. 2. When Obama took office, he vowed toRead MoreWhat Are Human Rights? Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe rights you have simply because you are human Every single human being on this planet has rights (What Are Human Rights, n.d). These rights are given to us through birth, and the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself speechless. I did not know how to answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot about the question that had me so puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an assignment on the United Nations Universal Declaration ofRead MoreTheu.s. Bill Of Rights And The Un Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1039 Words   |  5 PagesContrast the Views of Rights in the U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are documents that were created to tell the rights we as human beings are entitled to have. The documents were designed to keep order so we can live productive lives. The documents stop us from being taken advantage of and extorted by others. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights offers us a voiceRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a Hard Law Instrument1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the first global human rights treaty that was formulated. The main driving force behind the formation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was the Second World War, which in it course saw some of the worst human atrocities being committed on a global scale. The Declaration was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on the 10th of December 1948. The term  soft law  refers to legal instruments which do not have any legally binding forceRead MoreThe, Universal Declaration Of Human Rights980 Words   |  4 Pages Sovereign states, in addition to civil society, began to united together in order to ensure history would not repeat itself. This action culminated in the advent of the United Nations. Formed with the intention of promoting international peace and cooperation among sovereign states, the United Nations seemed like a logical step in to ensuring universal rights. In 1948, the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† was adopted with the intention of protecting and ensuring human rights, which had becomeRead MoreReflection on Human Rights821 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay on Universal Declaration of Human Rights Every single human being on this planet has rights. These rights are given to us through birth, and the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself speechless. I did not know how to answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot about the question that had me so puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an assignment on the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After readingRead MoreGenocide In Darfur Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines the liberties set for everyone in the World. Established in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights displays the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to.   The situation in Darfur, Sudan is known as Genocide, Genocide is defined as a systematic extermination or attempt at exterminating a national, political, racial or cultural group. The Darfur Genocide has violated Article #3, Article #5 and Article #9 of t he Universal DeclarationRead MoreHow Do the Principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Relate to the Saint Leo University Core Value of Community?997 Words   |  4 PagesThe principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights relates to the Saint Leo Universities core value of community in a lot of different ways. Part of Saint Leo’ mission statement is to create a student-centered environment in which love of learning is of prime importance. Members of the community are expected to examine and express their own values, listen respectfully to and respond to the opinions of others, serve the community in which they live, welcome others intoRead MoreRefugees Of Refugees And Asylees Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesmembership in a particular social group, according to Bridging Refugee Youth Children Services article, â€Å"Refugee 101.† In the United States, refugee and asylees resettlement was reestablished in the 1980’s. So far, 1.8 million people came to live in the US and annually, about 40,000 to 75,000 people are approved as refugee arrivals or asylees. â€Å"According to a 2009 report by the United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR), 42 million people around the world were uprooted from their homes due to conflict or persecution

European Union & Switzerland’s Banking Union

Question: Read the article: Charlemagne. (2014). Hail Helvetia. The Economist, 412 (8896), 39. Then, write an essay in your own words to explain the key message(s) from this article and the key lesson(s) that you draw from it. Answer: Introduction: Euro Zone is the worlds largest economic region with its currency as euro which is considered as the most liquid currency when compared with other currencies of the world. The currency of this region is developing and is widely accepted over a period of time and is taking prominent position in the various central banks of the world. It is a geographic and economic region that is composed of member countries of European Union those have adopted euro as their national currency. Here the topic of discussion is an article Some Swiss lessons for the euro zone. This article discusses about the euro crisis and how is it affecting the Germanic north and Latin south whose rift is not filled yet with the efforts of integration made since decades. Various economists and scientists have failed to solve this puzzle of crisis and each has their own say about the causes of this crisis between countries. Some of the causes suggested are patterns of industrialization, literacy and Catholic and protestant attitudes of sin and redemption. Belgium offers a sign of worry towards euro as it is becoming a dysfunctional body with its over bureaucratic policies which involves confusing and complex governments and sub governments and a situation of critical and bitter indignation had aroused between French speaking south and subsiding north (Hulme, 2009). Despite all these conditions Switzerland which had faced all linguistic and religious splits is bearing the fruits of democracy with prosperity and contentment. It is neither a part of EU nor of Euro zones ec onomic area. Switzerland is dealing with Brussels with many bilateral deals and they had a fear of being thrashed by Swiss referendum on priority basis as because of that the free movement of workers was curtailed. EU had been always been inspired by America which is a continental federation but the patterns of Swiss of bringing Catholics and Protestants together would have been studied. They even brought speakers of Germany, France and Rome together so that they can work for improving the situation. The common stereotype was broken by Swiss when the French- speaking cantons that are rich such as Geneva and Vaud paid for poor Germans like for Uri. Swiss are offering services for everyone such as high standard of living as that of Scandinavians, fiscal rigor like that of Germany , Irish tax competition, British cussedness about EU, solidarity transfers styles adopted from model of France and Luxemburg like patterns used for bank secrecy. Switzerland is having its own currency union that is successful and is without the superior orders from EU that involves everything such as deficits to labor policy, pensions and investments. It provides a lesson to all that a feasible and meaningful doctrine of sub-sidiarity that states that all the essential tasks should be performed by the government on initial levels (Thomson, 2009). Economist of Germany had also pointed out the enforced mechanism of no-bail-out-rule of Switzerland for controlling public spending. The model of Switzerland has remarked a great thing of how to be kept working in times of crisis that is by paying back debts in good times with running surpluses creates a wider scope to respond to crisis. But euro zone is putting too much austerity on troubled countries. Banking union of Switzerland uses European Unions term that is smaller the terms followed by euro zone through which it covers three banks that are operating on systematic basis (Arestis, 2001). The p owers have be given up to confederation piecemeal by Cantons for its rights of raising taxes that are reviewed periodically and are delegated to people working on lower levels of the government. The rules for a balanced budget and voters have been drafted by Cantons as they were forced by voters for the same confederations. Exceptional spending can be easily approved by Confederations for example it saved USB bank which is a big bank. With all the discussion done till yet it is clear that confederation provides a guarantee to the system. At the time of crisis in 2008 when financial crisis were at its height the interest rates slashed down by Swiss National Bank was more than it was done by European Central bank. As it was not comfortable about buying debts but had foreign assets in huge quantities for holding Swiss franc (Wallace, 2010). The main difference between Switzerlands baking union and EU is that Switzerland calls itself a confederation although it is a federation on the other hand Euro is a currency that is pretended as federal. It is having 18 national economic and fiscal policies sets. The confederal budget is 11% of GDP which is more than that of EU which is just 1% of GDP. Swiss equalization fund can be a learning example for EU because it has a system of transfers which is transparent that allows transfers from richer regions to poorer regions. This is done by reckoning payments annually according to tax base and by providing lump sum amounts instead of semi- hidden subsidies (Gabel, 2009). The freedom of action of Cantons is preserved by the system and encourages tax competition. The economy as one absorbed the imbalances between Swiss cantons and shocks that affected many others also. Conclusion: The whole discussion proves that Switzerland is doing better than EU and after centuries of political unity had passed the Swiss monetary union attained its position whereas a reverse trend was followed by euro. The political scenario of Switzerland is full of arguments about monetary matters. Even at times referendums played a role of social divisions and stroked an anti-foreigner populism. Any condition that is feasible for one country may not be feasible for the other as for most of the EU countries neutrality is not an option. Through a no-bail-out-rule for restoring the market discipline, more feasible fiscal federalism, a thought of single market and a more thoughtful budget of EU by Switzerland will help in the establishment of system that requires less bossy interference of Brussels. The system will be termed as more accountable with its own resources and with clearly defined tasks to be performed at every level of the government. Transcended political identity will be establ ished by direct democracy. EU must take steps to improve its condition and policies which are prevailing in the market so that it can retain its position of being the worlds largest economic region else it will lose its position and credibility. Economic policies must be framed in such a manner that they are suitable for the maximum number of its members and even for those who want to avail the serves of the group or even can be its potential members. References: Arrests, P., McCauley, K., Sawyer, M. (2001). Commentary. An alternative stability pact for the European Union.Cambridge Journal of Economics,25(1), 113-130. Gabel, M. J. (2009).Interests and integration: Market liberalization, public opinion, and European Union. University of Michigan Press. Hulme, P. E., Pyek, P., Nentwig, W., Vil, M. (2009). Will threat of biological invasions unite the European Union.Science,324(5923), 40-41. Thomson, S., Foubister, T., Mossialos, E. (2009).Financing health care in the European Union: challenges and policy responses. World Health Organization. Wallace, H., Pollack, M. A., Young, A. R. (Eds.). (2010).Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford university press.

Radiation Management Carbon Dioxide Removalâ€Myassignmenhthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Radiation Management Carbon Dioxide Removal? Answer: Introducation Hotel Hilton Sydney is located at the heart of the city and offers access to the best tourist attractions in Sydney like the Sydney Opera House. The hotel has luxurious room for guests, gourmet restaurants and guests are provided with amenities like fitness center and Alysium spa. However, the local community in Australia, the society in the neighborhood, government and suppliers are important stakeholders of Hotel Hilton. The hotel should adopt Stakeholder Value Analysis Model and publish sustainability reports to resolve issues like Green house gas emission, Waste management which includes reduction of food waste (Agrawal, Kaushik and Rahman 2015). Discussion Hotel Hilton should not only focus on creating value for shareholders and customers but the management of the famous hotel should focus on creating value for its stakeholders which includes the local people in Australia, society, neighborhood and government. The management of the hotel should focus on reducing greenhouse gas emission and on using renewable energy. The management of Hotel Hilton should address issue related to the waste management which includes food waste (Steg et al 2014). Stakholder Theory The issues that are faced by Hotel Hilton can be fit into the Clifton Model for analysis of stakeholders. The purpose of the stakeholder mapping and model is as follows The models of stakeholder analysis help in the identification of the stakeholders of the organization Models of stakeholder Analysis help to categorize and prioritize the stakeholders of an organization Modes of stakeholder Analysis help in determination of the actions that managers of an organization should adopt towards each stakeholder. According to the Mitchell et al model, the stakeholders of the company can be categorized into stakeholders who have attributes of power, urgency and legitimacy. According to the Mitchell et al model, managers of an organization give more attention and importance to the stakeholders who hold two or all three of the attributes of power, urgency and legitimacy The Mitchell et al. and other models of stakeholder Analysis act as practical tools for stakeholder analysis for managers. Brief introduction of Clifton Model The Clifton Model suggests that the models of stakeholder analysis which give preference to stakeholders with high power are not consistent with the sustainable world and they violate the idea of justice. Organizations should not give importance to stakeholders with high power as it is morally incorrect. The Clifton Model also suggests that other attributes like legitimacy, interests and urgency are also troublesome. The Clifton Model suggests that the models of analysis of stakeholders like Mitchell et al and Johnson et al are against the basic principles which are fundamental to create a sustainable world. The management of Hotel Hilton should focus on creating value for stakeholders like employees, customers, communities, government, suppliers. The management should not only focus on short term profitability by creating value for its shareholders but should focus on long term sustainability by enhancing value for its stakeholders(Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths 2014) The Parties That Have An Interest In The Issue The Triple Bottom Line of Business (TBL) are people, planet and profit and the sustainable development is broadly classified into three sectors like the economy, systems and environment. The organizations adopt the Triple Bottom Line Model to evaluate their performance and create value for stakeholders. The three sectors economy, systems and people are interconnected and should not be considered as separate units. Green house gas emission, disposal of waste and improper management of food waste can impact major stakeholders of Hotel Hilton like society, the Australian community, people of neighborhood, employees, customers and government (Reypens, Lievens and Blazevic 2016). The management should focus on wastage of food and should focus on recycling of waste from the operational activities in the hotel. Stakeholders involved in this issue are the customers, management, employees and the society and Australian community is impacted by this issue. The food waste impacts stakeholders because when the customers of the hotel waste food the manpower involved in preparing, storing and transporting the food is wasted. Rotting of food produces methane which has 21 times threat to global warming that carbon dioxide (Preston 2013). There are a lot of wastes produced in the day-to-day operational activities of the hotel. The guests of the Hotel Hilton are its major stakeholders who generate wastes in the form of cardboard, paper and plastic. The management should focus on managing these wastes to create value for stakeholders like the society, neighborhood, community and government. Land-filling of wastes is harmful for the environment and leads to emission of carbon dioxide and methane in the air and pesticides into groundwater and earth. Land-filling is also a costly process and the wastes have to be taken to the land filling sites which might be far from the premises of Hotel Hilton resulting in consumption of fuel and emission of green house gas. The management can create value for stakeholders by addressing these issues (Pera, Occhiocupo and Clarke 2016). The management of Hotel Hilton should also focus on creating value for its stakeholders like the society and community at international and national level by addressing issues of climate change. Hotel Hilton Sydney should create value for stakeholders by addressing issues like global warming and ozone depletion. The emission of greenhouse gas like chloro-fluro carbons, carbon dioxide from the premises of Hotel Hilton and use of non-renewable energy in projects of the hotel prevents the hotel to create value for stakeholders (Adger et al 2013). Australia is already a warm place and is vulnerable to change of the climate and most of the population in Australia lives by the coast (Clayton and Myers 2015).Climate change can have a serious impact on the economy and environment of the Australian community and Hotel Hilton should address this issue to enhance value for the stakeholders including customers, employees and community. Hotel Hilton Sydney should also create value for its stakeholders like employees and customers and community by managing water waste. The hotel pays utility bills for water once it purchases water and again when water is disposed. Hotel Hilton can create value for these stakeholders by controlling the amount of water consumed by its employees and guests. Community in Australia faces pressures for supply of water and the Hotel. The hotel can create value for stakeholders like community, government and employees by waste water management (Singaraju et al 2016). Techniques For Engaging Stakeholders The Hotel Hilton Sydney should engage internal stakeholders like employees and management by applying the method of carbon offsetting. This method will enable Hotel Hilton to address the issue of global warming by controlling greenhouse gas emission and investing in projects of the hotel that has less greenhouse gas emission. The hotel can involve its stakeholder to purchase credit of renewable energy. One credit of carbon is equivalent to one tone of Carbon Dioxide. The Hotel Hilton Sydney can make use of renewable energy from wind and solar power source. The company can provide solution to climate change by involving its stakeholders to support the move to clean and renewable energy. The Company should focus on creating value for its stakeholders by engaging customers and employees in managing food waste. Food waste can be measured by collecting the waste in 3 separate bins and employees of the hotel should be encouraged to avoid food and water wastes in kitchen. The waste should be recycled and awareness should be spread among guests visiting the hotel to reduce wastes in the form of plastic and cardboard. Conclusion Travelers especially business travelers and corporate groups search for credentials of sustainability before staying in a hotel. The Hotel Hilton Sydney should focus on creating value for stakeholder by focusing on long term sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility, addressing environmental issues should be of prime importance to the hotel. The hotel should focus on addressing issues related to greenhouse gas emission, climate change, waste management including food waste and water waste. Society, community and government are important stakeholders of Hotel Hilton and thus the hotel should not only focus on creating profitability for shareholders but should also create value for its stakeholders by addressing issues of environment and climate change. References Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N. and O'brien, K., 2013. Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation.Nature Climate Change,3(2), p.112. Agrawal, A.K., Kaushik, A.K. and Rahman, Z., 2015. Co-creation of social value through integration of stakeholders.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,189, pp.442-448. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability.Routledge. Clayton, S. and Myers, G., 2015.Conservation psychology: Understanding and promoting human care for nature. John Wiley Sons. Pera, R., Occhiocupo, N. and Clarke, J., 2016. Motives and resources for value co-creation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem: A managerial perspective.Journal of Business Research,69(10), pp.4033-4041. Preston, C.J., 2013. Ethics and geoengineering: reviewing the moral issues raised by solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(1), pp.23-37. Reypens, C., Lievens, A. and Blazevic, V., 2016.Leveraging value in multi-stakeholder innovation networks: A process framework for value co-creation and capture.Industrial Marketing Management,56, pp.40-50. Singaraju, S.P., Nguyen, Q.A., Niininen, O. and Sullivan-Mort, G., 2016. Social media and value co-creation in multi-stakeholder systems: A resource integration approach.Industrial Marketing Management,54, pp.44-55. Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J.W., Keizer, K. and Perlaviciute, G., 2014. An integrated framework for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of values, situational factors and goals.Journal of Environmental Psychology,38, pp.104-115.

Research Report on Ecotourism in Mauritius

Introduction to Tourism in Mauritius Tourism is regarded as one of the most important foreign exchange earners in Mauritius. The IMF (2012) reports that tourism is slightly over 8 percent of the country’s GDP, making it an important aspect of the island’s economy. The growth in the tourism sector over the past 3 decades has contributed to the overall growth of the Mauritian economy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Report on Ecotourism in Mauritius specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The IMF (2012) reveals that tourism has served as a large engine of job creation in the country. The performance of Mauritius’s tourism sector has been impressive with the country experiencing a remarkable increase from having some 18,000 visitors a year in 1970 to some 400,000 visitors in 1994 and an impressive 960,000 visitors to the island in 2012. The tourism sector in Mauritius is largely homeg rown. There are a number of major luxury hotel chains owned and operated by Mauritian entrepreneurs. In addition to this, the Mauritius business community has reinvested part of the proceeds from the sector into the Mauritius economy thereby fostering the country’s economy. Profile of Mauritian Tourists Mauritius is marketed as a high-class destination and targeted at up-market tourists. As an expensive tourist destination, the island is out of reach for the standard tourist. Bulcke and Verbeke (2009) reveal that the inflated airfares are an important factor in making the destination inaccessible. Graham and Forsyth (2012) observe that more than 90% of the total number of visitors to Mauritius go to the country for leisure purposes. The national carrier, Air Mauritius, enjoys almost a monopoly as the main passenger carrier to the island. A key attribute of the airline is that it charges high prices, which help to uphold the high-class destination image that the island has and continues to project. The limited competition faced by Air Mauritius allows the airline to implement price discrimination based on nationality and the origin of the travel. This discrimination ensures that foreigners are charged significantly more than the Mauritius residents are. Since chartered flights are not allowed into the country, reaching Mauritius at a favourable rate proves to be impossible for many. European high-spenders make up the vast majority of Mauritius’ foreign tourists. The largest number of tourists to Mauritius is from France and the French island of Reunion located in the Indian Ocean. These two countries combined account for about 41% of the total number of foreign tourists visiting the country annually.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The popularity of Mauritius among the French travellers can be attributed to the island’s l ong history with France. The island was held as a French colony from 1905 to 1810 when it was lost to the British after the Napoleonic wars. There is therefore deep history between France and the island with many cultural and language similarities between the two countries (Graham Forsyth, 2012). The other principal tourist-generating countries include South Africa, United Kingdom, India, Germany, and Italy. Major Attractions The primary attraction offered by Mauritius is the pristine natural setting of the country. Geographically, the Island has an expansive white sandy beach that extends for more than 140 kilometres. In addition to the impressive sandy beaches surrounding the island, the country has beautiful coral reefs that protect many natural lagoons found within the surrounding waters. The turquoise sea surrounding Mauritius is a prime tourist attraction. The combination of the splendid beaches, good climate, and impressive sea life has led to Mauritius being presented as a tropical paradise for tourists. To ensure that all tourists are able to enjoy the country’s physical assets, all tourist hotels in Mauritius have been built on or near the wide beaches or the protected lagoons giving visitors an opportunity to savour the natural beauty of the island. As a small island, Mauritius is able to market itself as a more attractive and exotic destination for tourists. Scheyvens and Momsen (2008) contend that small islands like Mauritius are able to obtain a much higher than average international arrivals growth rate since tourists travelling to this destination can delight in the fact that â€Å"their† island is not shared with any other tourism operators. This exotic nature of Mauritius makes it a prime tourist destination for high-end tourists.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Report on Ecotourism in Mauritius specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Major Activ ities Mauritius has faced increasing competition in its principal tourist-generating countries from other affordable destination. The island has therefore had to diversify its tourism products in order to maintain its clientele and even attract more. The increase in leisure opportunities to visitors was also prompted by the decline in average duration of stay by tourists in Mauritius. Graham and Forsyth (2012) explain that the government implemented a policy aimed at increasing the expenditure per day and rising the average duration of stay for each tourist. The island offers a wide range of water-related sports to its visitors. Common water sports include sea kayaking and kite surfing. Mauritius has a number of cultural and historical sites that tourists can visit. Port Louis offers the visitor an unreserved look into the colonial past of the island. There is a statue of the 17th century French naval officer Mahe de Labourdonnais and Queen Victoria (Mountain Proust, 2002). The two statues pay tribute to the two powers that colonized Mauritius. The National History Museum has many artefacts that elaborate on the country’s history and its rich culture. In addition to this, the museum has a wide range of stuffed Mauritian birds offering the visitor a glimpse into the expansive bird population of the country. Shopping is another activity that tourists in Mauritius can engage in while visiting the country. The island has a number of high-end shops that offer luxury products from all over the world. There are also duty-free goods that tourists can purchase and duty applied to some luxury products has been reduced in order to promote purchasing by tourists. The island has a number of trendy bars and restaurants that appeal to the fun loving tourists. The island offers a host of nightlife activities including dancing and parties in its vibrant clubs (Mountain Proust, 2002). For further entertainment, the country has a number of world-class casinos that cater primarily for tourists. Tourists are therefore able to visit these facilities and engage in gambling in the same way as they would do while at world famous gamblingAdvertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bulcke, D. Verbeke, A. (2009). Handbook on Small Nations in the Global Economy: The Contributions of Multinational Enterprises to National Economic Success. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009 Epler, M.W. (2002). Ecotourism: Principles, Practices and Policies for Sustainability. Nairobi, UNEP. Graham, A., Forsyth, P. (2012). Aviation and Tourism: Implications for Leisure Travel. Boston: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. IMF (2012). Mauritius: 2012 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Mauritius. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Mountain, A. Proust, A. (2002). This is Mauritius. Pretoria: Struik. This research paper on Research Report on Ecotourism in Mauritius was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Terry Fox essays

Terry Fox essays Terry Fox should be in the Canadian Hall of Fame. Terry was a man of many wonderful things, such as him being very brave with the amputation of his right leg. Also Terry was a man of selflessness and staying positive he raised over $220 000 000, and lastly Terry Fox is a true inspiration to everyone, up to this day. Firstly, Terry Fox was a very brave and courageous man. Terry was only 19 when he found out he had a rare form of bone cancer in his right leg. Terry underwent chemotherapy treatments to stop the cancer from spreading, and lost all of his hair. He also had to deal with the consequences of the cancer in another way, which was the amputation of his right leg. Loosing his leg was a very hard thing to deal with, especially since Terry was very much into sports, and his new limitations was very rough on him. (Scrivrner) As well, Terry showed bravery by running every day, rain or sunshine, with his leg bleeding, not even knowing if people would care about his Marathon of Hope. These examples prove Terry Fox was a man of bravery. Secondly, Terry Fox was a very selfless and positive man. When Terry first found out he had a rare bone cancer, he didnt shed a tear, he just thought positively, and wanted to get his surgery as soon as possible. When Terry got his right leg amputated, he was at first a little depressed, but then he got an idea from a magazine to run to forget his problems, and to raise some money for other cancer patients. His world was turned around, but he decided to look on the loss of his leg as a new challenge. (Scrivrner, 2000, p. 31). Terry knew he should have stayed home, and rested to recover 100 percent, but he was so set on his goal to run for caner research, that he ran anyway. Some may argue that Terry was too obsessed with his run, and was very moody. Terry Fox was temperamental; he was obsessed with his run that he was often difficult to get al ...

Rhematoid Arthritis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhematoid Arthritis - Essay Example Besides, the lining of the tissue joint can become thicker and thicker, and may wear away surrounding ligaments, cartilage and bone as it spreads. One of the structures that get severely damaged is the synovium in the joint. It becomes inflamed and causes swelling and pain. The main characteristic and the one that differentiates rheumatoid arthritis from osteoarthritis is that it usually occurs in a symmetrical pattern, in the sense that if one knee or hand has it, the other one also have it. This disease is a systemic disease that often affects extra-articular tissues all through the body including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles. Studies show that about 60% of rheumatoid arthritis patients are unable to work 10 years after the onset of their disease (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). The epidemiological studies show that the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis occurs in 3 persons in a population of 10,000 every year. While the onset of this disease is very uncommen under the are of 15 it increases with age until the age of 80. Among men and women, women is affected three to five times as often as men. It is also estimated that the prevalence of the disease is 4 times more common in smokers than non-smokers (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). Though several studies have been conducted around the world to pinpoint the causes of rheumatoid arthritis, none of them are successful. ... pag). Some of the researchers link this disease to genetics. They believe that the tendency to develop rheumatoid arthritis may be inherited genetically. It is strongly associated with the inherited tissue type Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen HLA-DR4 and hence provide a strong link with family history (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). The disease results in a progressive degeneration. However the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are sometimes severe and sometimes absent. It generally varies with the inflammation of the tissues. The disease is in the active mode and is painful when the body tissues are inflamed. The disease goes into the inactive mode when tissue inflammation subsides. In general when the patient takes the treatment the pain and inflammation reduces and these conditions may last for weeks, months, or years. During remissions, symptoms of the disease disappear, and patients usually feel well. But when the disease becomes active again (relapse), symptoms return as usu al and sometimes the pain may be severe. In fact each patient has a unique pattern in which the disease presents. Some of the common observation regarding the symptoms of the disease when it is in the active mode includes fatigue, lack of appetite, low grade fever, muscle and joint aches, and stiffness. Muscle and joint stiffness are typically most prominent in the morning and after periods of inactivity. In rheumatoid arthritis, multiple joints are commonly inflamed in a symmetrical pattern. In severe cases chronic inflammation may result in damage of body tissues, cartilage and bone, which in turn leads to a loss of cartilage, erosion and weakness of the bones as well as the muscles. Ultimately it results in joint deformity, destruction, and loss of function. The systemic

Compare and contrast Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare and contrast - Assignment Example Walter and Holden have very different living situations. Walter is a black man living in Chicago. He drives a limousine for a living. In the beginning, Walter, his wife, son, sister, and mother all live in a small apartment (Hansberry 23-24). Money is equated to happiness in Walter’s mind. He believes if he can finally make enough money all his problems would drift away. Money also equals manhood to Walter. He sees his sister’s friends George and Agasai as the future and the past. Agasai is the African root, whereas George is the future rich, assimilated, black man. Walter knew he needed change, but was unsure how to proceed. Holden, on the other hand, is a white student. He lives in the New York City area. Holden has an older brother, younger sister, and younger brother that died. Holden loves his little sister. He does have roommates, friends, and acquaintances, but cannot really relate to his peers and superiors. During the course of the story, Holden is trying to fi nd himself. He wants to explore his sexuality, personality, and life. Like Walter, Holden wanted change, but was unsure how to proceed. Walter and Holden had more differences than just their situation. Walter was in his 30’s, whereas Holden was a teenager. Walter is very secure in his sexuality. â€Å"Holden is a rebel and all that -- "the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life," "probably the biggest sex maniac you ever saw" -- but he's a softy at heart. He's always pitying people† (Yardley C01).Where Holden understands sexuality norms; he is still uncomfortable with losing his virginity. Walter is married with a son, but Holden is single with not children. Walter is not as well read as Holden. Holden only likes to read, but the rest of his academics are less than stellar (Salinger 24). Walter works, whereas Holden is a student. These are some of the major differences between Walter and Holden. Despite Walter and Holden’s differences, there are many simil arities as well. The similarities are more internal. Both Walter and Holden have dreams. These two characters try to achieve their dreams and goals, but do not want to put forth much of an effort. Walter and Holden do have definite opinions about their peers. Both men are trying to fit into the world and be respected. Walter’s dreams are about being rich. All of his problems would be gone with money. His marriage would be perfect. Walter’s family would be happy. All of his dreams are initially wrapped up in money. Despite dreaming about being rich, Walter does not want to work hard to achieve his goals. â€Å"Walter has many dreams but no plans to make them happen. Walter is obsessed with his dreams. They consume him to the point where he can't really see straight. He believes that everyone should see his way of thinking, and doesn't consider that it's his dream that may not be entirely clear. He'd rather do a get rich quick scheme. He is passionate and ambitious but incredibly irresponsible and childish. Poverty keeps him down but his inability to live in the real world also keeps him down. He's unable to move forward. He wants a world of luxury, immediately without work. He thinks he works hard enough at his ordinary job as a chauffeur† (Price). As a result of not wanting to work, Walter cooks up wild schemes. One wild scheme is to own a liquor store (Hansberry 33). Once Walter gives the money for the store, his friends rip him off.

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Article Review - Essay Example The article explores the currents state of Treasury bond yields and prices in the US financial market. According to Zeng, the strengthening of the bonds is a sign that inflation has been tamed in the US market. As result, the Federal Reserves is not in a hurry to increase the interest rates, a factor that has highly boosted investor confidence (Zeng, 2014). The trading in the Treasury bonds has recorded little change in terms of yields. This is in addition to the fact that the prices of imported goods has also fallen. The article states that in the current US financial market, the prices of the treasury bonds face no threats, a reason why investors are confident when investing in the bonds. The goal of the author in this article is to explore the state of the treasury bonds in the US market. The author wants to show that the increased confidence of the investors, a depiction that it is the right time to invest in the treasury bonds as inflation appears to have been tamed in the US financial market. In order to do this and to achieve the objective of showing that the current state of the US Treasury bonds has strengthened, the author analyzes the trading and yields from the treasury bond over the last couple of weeks in order to prove to the reader that the bonds have indeed strengthened. Ming Zeng has been able to achieve his goal of showing that the prices of the treasury bonds have strengthened. His success in attaining this goal is clearly evident with the way he is able to clearly show the prices and the yields of the treasury bonds over the last couple of weeks to clearly depict the trend and prove that they had strengthened. His conclusion that it is a good time for the investors to put their money on the bonds is valid as he is able to use factual data from Tradeweb/WSJ Market Data Group to prove his point and the

Dato Sri Najib Razak Upon Taking Media Essay

Dato Sri Najib Razak Upon Taking Media Essay 1 Malaysia concept was unveiled by the incumbent Prime Minister, DatoSri Najib Razak upon taking office on 3rd April 2009. The goals to present this policy is to unite the nation, to form the equity in the economic dimension, enhance the social cohesion and also make sure the people live in harmony and peace between different races (1 Malaysia.com , 2009). According to the Malaysias Prime Minister Najib Tun Abdul Razak, Satu Malaysia means the mutual respect between the different races in Malaysia and also to contribute to the success of vision 2020. According to the research done by the Merdeka Centre for Opinion Research, conducted from 19 June 2012 until the 1st of July, there are over 75% of Malaysian aware to this policy with 23% of people agree that it help to promote the unity among races and 18% of people think One Malaysia concept is about the equitable among the different races in nation. Besides, this survey shows that 46% respondents agreed the One Malaysia policy would be able to achieve the objectives, the rest are not agree with it, which mean there are over 50% of respondent are not even aware and understand about the policy. The survey proved the majority of respondent felt that the government has successfully creating awareness on the Satu Malaysia concept among the nation, but this concept is not completely accepted by all the Malaysians. As we know, mainstream media used by government to create awareness on the One Malaysia concept, and used on enhance the acceptance of the concept by the citizen of Malaysia. Mainstream media plays an important role to give information, report news and educate the audience about government policies, especially in the pluralism society like Malaysia. Mainstream media do not differentiate between our citizens on the basis of their background or ethnic origin, the media mostly deliver the message in the different languages like Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, Tamil and English. For example, there are different channels in mainstream TV channels to broadcast the news programs with different languages, even the One Malaysia programs also have different version of languages. This is to make sure all the citizens can receive the information that they can easily to understand. The mainstream media in Malaysia like RTM, Media Prima and Bernama are controlled by government, and the alternative media like MalaysiaKini and The Insider are the popular news site to report the unvarnished news and event in Malaysia. Athough the alternative media occupy the small section of media in Malaysia, it still have a lots of audience an supporter compare to the mainstream media. Mainstream media used to promote the One Malaysia concept, for example the newspaper as tools to publish Malaysian government propaganda. Every day, there are many newspapers published mainly in Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, Tamil and English, most of them are government-controlled. Mainstream newspaper report on every stunts of the One Malaysia policy and emphasis only on the benefit of the concept and projects, it never reveal or focus on the negative side of the policy. For example One Malaysia store, one of the project by KARISMA. When the project was finally launched, the mainstream newspaper mostly report on how the 1M store can benefit to citizen and set it as headline or give the news a wide space in layout, but when the criticism arise because of the low quality of One Malaysias products, newspaper only publish out the news with small space or never appear. It shows the mainstream media are partial and only shows what they want to show and filtered the important information befo re publish out. Another example like RTM, local television channels licensed to broadcast in Malaysia, it used by government to promote the policy too. TV station will broadcast the video clips about One Malaysia concept, for example the one Malaysias advertisement. For every important day like Merdekas Day, TV will Keep showing the One Malaysia Merdeka advertisement and Satu Malaysia theme song to make a strong impressive on the audience. Besides, mainstream media will report about the major event of 1 Malaysia that happen in town, for example the Sitiawans Chinese New year Open House. This CNY event was live broadcasted through RTM1, and it successfully gets a wide coverage in Malaysia and even the reporter of CCTV from China attended to make a live report. This event is for the CNY celebration and help to foster unity among the various races in Malaysia, by showing this event on TV, it help to promote the One Malaysia concept and also to gain support from the chinese community, so that the One Ma laysia concept can be widely accepted in nation. Nowadays, mainstream media especially free to air TV channels and radio station now losing a large numbers of audiences and readers, the credibility of mainstream media was suspected. People will not totally accept the messages of mainstream media before verify the facts through online. Most Malaysians are now become more polite and wiser to distinguish the facts, people start to search information through online, and they verify and confirm the facts before accepting the truth. One of the hot topics was the censored news of Bersih 3.0 on 28th April 2012. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and ASTRO (Malaysian pay TV station) broadcasted the two different version of news, the BBCs original broadcast been censored and the interview of the respondent about Bersih 3.0 filtered by Astro. This video clip will not appear on the mainstream media channels like RTM1. Astro is not government-owned media, but it is indirectly control by the government. This shows that most of the media in Malaysia have no freedom, the reporting is not true and be biased towards one side which is the dominant group. In my own opinion, although the mainstream media occupy most of the media space in Malaysia, it is not powerful enough to change people mind and influence on the behavior of citizens, this probably because of the distortion of truth and biasness of mainstream media. Nowadays, more and more people start to voice out and express themselves in cyberspace. It shows the influential power of social networking sites. The example of social networking sites like facebook, blog, twitter and YouTube are now becoming the source to get news and information, especially the unvarnished news. Most people said that the mainstream media tell lies and partial, they rather believe the alternative media instead of biased reporting. According to the limited effects theory by Lazarsfeld, media are not powerful enough to influence on individuals which is also known as limited effect perspective. He also claims that the heavy media users were the person whose advice was being held by others. Thus, the heavy media users will become the gatekeepers and opinion leaders. Opinion leaders used to advice the followers and this is later known as the two step flow. The Prime Minister in Malaysia, Dato Sri Najib Razak as the opinion leader and also a heavy media user, he created a website called 1Malaysia with a tagline The Personal Website of DatoSri Najib Razak to provide a place for open discussion and also to encourage the acceptance of One Malaysia concept by the citizens of Malaysia. The website now become one of the mainstream media in Malaysia, it always shows on the top of Google page for the keywords One Malaysia. He understands the influential power of internet, and also the less popular of mainstream media, he started to take part in social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook and blog, all of these sites have gathered over millions of followers. Our Prime Minister act as the opinion leader not only for the real life but also in the cyberspace, this is one of the ways he used to promote the One Malaysia concept and influence his followers. This is known as two step flow. The message about One Malaysia concept share from mainstrea m media in Malaysia can easily reach to audience but this does not mean the mainstream media can influence people to accept the policy, the most influential things is the idea of opinion leader instead of mainstream media . Another example like the critic or commenter who bombard the biasness of mainstream media will be viewed as the nation hero and opinion leader, for example Namwee. He has a huge of followers on facebook, he act as the opinion leader to critic the biasness of media and also the BN politicians. His opinion could influence his followers because people craving of hearing the actual truth about the government leaders and policies. According to Lazarsfeld, media rarely had power to change people mind because it is almost always mediated by the individual differences. Individual influences in psychological make ups cause media influence to vary from person to person. Everyone has different ideas, mainstream media only can deliver the messages or information of One Malaysia concept to the citizens but not powerful enough to influence people decision, and make people accept to the concept. This is because audiences have the right to choose what to expose, this is known as selective process. The selective process, information that is inconsistent with a person already held attitudes will create psychological discomfort or cognitive dissonance. People generally work to keep their knowledge of themselves and their knowledge of the world somewhat consistent via selective processes. People tend to avoid the cognitive dissonance after made a decision. Thus people will avoid the facts that can prove the decision was wrong, so the more potential dissonance, the more we tend to avoid. People will denial and pretend that they never seen the evidence. Because of people have right to choose what to expose in mainstream medias messages, the One Malaysia concept cannot be completely accepted by the citizens. The mainstream media in Malaysia keep promoting the concept, but this policy might not the ideal policy to some of the citizens, they can choose to deny the message or choose to remember some part of the concept they like. In the selective process, there are three form of selecti vity, for example the selective exposure, selective retention and also the selective retention. Selective exposure, people tend to expose themselves to information that same to their pre-existing attitudes and belief. For example, the mainstream TV station RTM1 broadcast the One Malaysia program, audiences can choose not to watch the program and switch to another channels if they dont agree with the concept or not interested to the information. This is because they obey to their subconscious and dont want to change the pre-existing belief. Selective retention, people tend to remember the best and interested messages that are most meaningful to them. For example, the mainstream media keep showing the benefit of One Malaysias projects, the IPT students only choose to remember the stunts of One Malaysia Siswa Card (KADS1M), because this project is benefit to them and help them to reduce the daily cost of living, they only pay attention and accept the message that can fulfill their demands. Selective perception, people will change the meaning of messages so that they become consistent with pre-existing attitudes and belief. For example, When media shows the advertisement of 1Malaysia store and promote the products, audience will think purchasing 1Mproduct is a stupid action because in their pre-existing belief One Malaysia products are low quality and they never consider to purchase those products. These three forms of selectivity show media cannot control how audience think, how audience act and even accept to the One Malaysia concept. The ways the mainstream media are used to promote the acceptance of the One Malaysia concept successfully creating awareness among the Malaysian, but this does not mean that people are completely admit the concept and support the idea of the policy. As we all know, the mainstream media actually under controlled by the dominant group, the government and The Barisan National. No one dare to eject or deny the government policy, they remain silence since they have no freedom to speak out the idea, and they scare to bear the consequences of against government so they choose to admit it, for example the preventive detention law. So people remain silence because they think their views are in minority but in fact there is no one to speak out their opinion. According to the Spiral of Silence theory by Neumann (1974), a people view control the public scene and others disappeared from the public awareness as it adherents became silent. People fear of being isolation and know what actions and be haviors should take to avoid their likelihood of being socially isolated. For example, some people tend to keep their negative opinion toward the government policy to themselves when they think they are in the minority. This context is called Spiral of Silence. In conclusion, mainstream media in Malaysia are not powerful enough to change people mind, but it do have certain influence. Therefore, under the assumption of the two step flow process, selective process, and the Spiral of Silence theory, the messages of the mainstream media would not be able to reach the citizen directly. Thus, the effect of the mainstream media in Malaysia is considered as limited effect. In my opinion, the government has successfully creating awareness on the policy among the citizens of Malaysia through the mainstream media, but not the acceptance of the concept. The completely acceptance of the concept among nation might happen if there is no partial and biased information from the mainstream media, if media are more control by the dominant group, the less trust of Malaysias citizens can give to the mainstream media.

Feeling Sympathy for Tess in Tess of the DUrbervilles Essay -- Tess o

Feeling Sympathy for Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles I think that throughout the novel Thomas Hardy uses many different techniques that lead his readers to feel sympathy for Tess. Through reading Hardy's 'Tess of the D'Urbervilles' I have realised that it is invaluable that the readers of any novel sympathise with and feel compassion for the main character. In writing 'Tess of the D'Urbervilles' Thomas Hardy is very successful in grabbing the attention and sentiments of the reader and then steering their emotions so that they feel empathy and understanding for the character Tess. Hardy does this from the very first time we are introduced to Tess. The first time we see Tess is at the Woman's Walking Club Festival, Hardy describes her as 'a fine and handsome girl, with a mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes' (Chapter II), 'a small minority would look long at her in casually passing and grow momentarily fascinated by her freshness' (ChapterII).This description of pure beauty and innocence captures the imagination of the readers and we begin to build a relationship with the character. The beauty and goodness that we see in Tess draws us to her, and engenders a feeling of affection for her, in this way Hardy is preparing us for later in the book when we see Tess suffering, and feel sympathy for her. Hardy is leading us to feel sympathy for Tess by using her attractiveness and personal qualities. From the first scene in which we meet Tess, Hardy leads us to feel sympathy for her by giving the impression that we (as readers) are slightly overlooking Tess; a place in which this technique is used is whilst Hardy is describing the effects of her appearance on others. Hardy describes the more extraord... ...herself to save Angel's dignity. All this evidence leads us to the conclusion that Tess is a natural victim, trodden by society: 'Every day it seemed more was expected of Tess and every day seemed to throw upon her young shoulders more and more of the world's burdens' (Chapter VI). I conclude that although Thomas Hardy uses many different and varied techniques to lead us to feel sympathy for Tess he pays particular attention to portraying Tess as a natural victim. Hardy also spends a great amount of time (particularly at the beginning of the book) building Tess' character and building a relationship between Tess and the readers. This is an effective method of leading the audience to feel sympathy for Tess because the reader is more likely to like and consequently, feels more compassion and sympathy towards Tess later in the book when she is suffering.

Injustice Anywhere

Injustice Anywhere is a Threat to Justice Everywhere Sabeen Ijaz Ahmed B. B. I. T. (Hons) 4th Year, GIFT University This article won the first prize (Rs. 25,000 cash) in the 2nd Annual All Pakistan Essay Writing Competition held by Quaid-e-Azam Law College. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † These powerful words were penned in a letter from a prison cell of Birmingham Jail in 1963, by one of America's best known advocate of equal rights – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. According to him, all humans are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in single garment of destiny.Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Hence injustice with one individual of a society can affect the life of other individuals of the society. Before we make society understand the need of justice in this essay lets first talk about what justice really is. Justice is the ideal, morally correct state of things and persons. Justice is action in accordanc e with the requirements of some law. Whether these rules are grounded in human consensus or societal norms, they are supposed to ensure that all members of society receive fair treatment.Justice is distinguished from other ethical standards as required and as, overwhelmingly important: justice can be thought of as distinct from, and more important than, benevolence, charity, mercy, generosity or compassion. All of these things may be valuable, but they are supererogatory rather than required. We need to know more than this: we need to know what justice is, not merely what it is not, and several answers to that problem have been proposed.. Justice is linked, both etymologically and conceptually, to the idea of justification: having and giving decisive reasons for one's beliefs and actions.So, attempts to understand justice are typically attempts to discover the justification – the source or basis – of justice, and therefore to account for (or disprove) its overwhelming importance. Justice becomes more essential for Islamic country like our due to the emphasis of Islamic teachings on justice. As it is said in Quran: â€Å"God enjoins justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbids indecency and abomination and wickedness. † [Surah Nahl; 16:90] Justice is perhaps the most important of the supreme values of Islam.In fact, it can be said that the main purpose of revelation and the tasks of Prophets (alayhum salam) has been to establish Justice. Thus, one of the early scholars of Islam has said that: â€Å"Where the signs of Justice appear and its face is shown in any way that is where the Law of God and His religion are found. † Justice is the first principle of social life. It can be shown to govern all relations in life: between ruler and ruled, rich and poor, husband and wife, parents and children.In all our dealings, we are required to stand firmly for justice even if it is against our own self and our kith and kin, for lov e too can lead to injustice. â€Å"O you who believe! Be firm in justice as witnesses for God, even in cases against yourselves, your parents or your kin† [Surah Nisa; 4: 135] â€Å"And if you give your word, you must be just, even though it be against your kin, and fulfill the covenant of God. For that is what He has commanded you that you may remember. † [Surah An'am; 6: 152] The fear of committing injustice may even prevent the doing of an act that is otherwise permissible.In fact one of the derived principles of the Shar'iah is that all permissible things are permissible provided that no damage or harm results to others from their practice and that in the event that such damage or harm is -suspected or confirmed, the permissible shall be prohibited to avert such damage or harm. Issues of justice arise in several different spheres and play a significant role in causing, perpetuating, and addressing conflict. Just institutions tend to instill a sense of stability, we ll-being, and satisfaction among society members, while perceived injustices can lead to dissatisfaction, rebellion, or revolution.Each of the different spheres expresses the principles of justice and fairness in its own way, resulting in different types and concepts of justice; distributive, procedural, retributive, and restorative. These types of justice have important implications for socio-economic, political, civil, and criminal justice at both the national and international level. Distributive justice, or economic justice, is concerned with giving all members of society a â€Å"fair share† of the benefits and resources available.Fair allocation of resources, or distributive justice, is crucial to the stability of a society and the well-being of its members. When issues of distributive justice are inadequately addressed and the item to be distributed is highly valued, intractable conflicts frequently result. Procedural justice is concerned with making and implementing de cisions according to fair processes that ensure â€Å"fair treatment. † Rules must be impartially followed and consistently applied in order to generate an unbiased decision. If people believe procedures to be fair, they will be more likely to accept outcomes, even ones that they do not like.Implementing fair procedures is central to many dispute resolution procedures, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and adjudication. Retributive justice appeals to the notion of â€Å"just dessert† – the idea that . people deserve to be treated in the same way they treat others. It is a retroactive approach that justifies punishment as a response to past injustice or wrongdoing. The central idea is that the offender has gained unfair advantages through his or her behavior, and that punishment will set this imbalance straight.While it is difficult to give a complete and adequate definition of justice, most observers can recognize clear examples of serious injustice when they arise. Such injustice comes in various forms, wherever the norms of distributive justice, procedural justice, or human rights are violated. Political injustice involves the violation of individual liberties, including the denial of voting rights or due process, infringements on rights to freedom of speech or religion, and inadequate protection from cruel and unusual punishment.Such injustice often stems from unfair procedures, and involves political systems in which some but not others are allowed to have voice and representation in the processes and decisions that affect them. This sort of procedural injustice can contribute to serious social problems as well as political ones. If voting or litigation procedures, for example, are perceived to be unjust, any outcome they produce is liable to be unstable and produce conflict. In addition,; any procedures that are carried out in a biased manner are likely to contribute to problems of religious, ethnic, gender, or race discr imination.When the procedure in question has to do with employment or wages, such issues can lead to serious economic and social problems. The highly-publicized rape case of Mukhtaran Mai, also referred to as Mukhtar Mai or Mukhtaran Bibi, highlights the Pakistani government's shortcomings in dealing with violence against women and its persecution of rape victims. In 2002, Mukhtaran was sentenced to be gang raped by a tribal council in the province of Punjab as punishment for her younger brother's alleged affair with a woman from a powerful clan.After the initial trial, six men were sentenced to death for the gang rape, while eight others were acquitted. However, last June, the Punjab High Court overturned five of the convictions and reduced the sixth to a life sentence. Mukhtaran Mai received donations adding up to $160,000 from New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristoff' s coverage of the case. Mukhtaran has used the money to open two schools in her village, a shelter for abused w omen and provide her village with an ambulance. When Mukhtaran was invited to the United States to talk about her case, the Pakistani government – fearing hat she would malign the country's image abroad – denied her travel visa to the United States, and placed her under house arrest. Only -fallowing great international attention and pressure was the travel ban lifted. While Pakistan's High Court suspended the acquittals of Mukhtaran's rapists and will be re-examining the case, the government's lassitude in amending the Hudood Ordinances – which place insurmountable obstacles for women to safely and successfully obtain justice in their rape cases – foments an environment in which violence is perpetrated against women with virtual impunity.If women are unable to prove rape under the Hudood law, which requires four adult Muslim males to have witnessed the crime or the confession of the rapist himself, then the victims themselves may be tried for adultery or fornication. Mukhtaran is not the only victim of our political injustice. According to press reports cited by the Pakistan Human Rights Commission, a non-governmental organization, more than 10,000 women are raped every year in Pakistan, although the real figure is thought to be much higher.As in all countries, women are often reluctant to report rape, for social reasons as well as distrust of the judicial process. In Pakistan, there are additional legal barriers to pursuing a rape conviction. The rape law itself, one of the offenses of zina under the Hudood Ordinances, requires either the confession of the perpetrator or the eye-witness testimony of at least four Muslim adult male witnesses to the rape. If she is unable to prove rape, a woman who reports rape to the police is vulnerable to prosecution herself under the Hudood Ordinances for fornication if she is unmarried or adultery if she is married.In addition to these formidable legal barriers to the prosecution of rape, there have been several reports of police involvement in rapes and gang-rapes and of police protection of those accused of rape, particularly when they are from influential families. Women who have been raped are also at risk of â€Å"honor† killings, whereby a male relative kills them because they are thought to have dishonored the family's name in the community by transgressing social norms, which is seen to include having been raped. It has been estimated that on average one thousand â€Å"honor† killings take place each year in Pakistan.Even the Pakistan Government's National Commission on the Status of Women has recommended repeal of the Hudood Ordinances on the grounds that they are discriminatory towards women and not in accordance with Islamic injunctions. They are also contrary to the Convention on the Elimination of ; All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) , to which Pakistan is a party, and to the Constitution of Pakistan, which states at Article 25 tha t â€Å"(1) All citizens are equal before law and are entitled for equal protection of law. (2) There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex alone. Crimes of honor are a pre-Islamic practice deeply rooted in the tribal societies of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) where Upper Dir is located, Balochistan province, as well as those of Sindh and Punjab where they are called â€Å"karo kari†. In these rigidly patriarchal communities, wives, daughters, sisters and mothers are killed for the least sexual indiscretion and upon the slightest suspicion of adultery. Murders in the name of honor fall under the purview of the customary ‘qisas and diyat' law. Riddled with flaws, it makes prosecution extremely difficult.Activists have been urging the government to reform the law but a bill seeking to bolster secular law against honor killings, presented in parliament last year, was defeated as un-Islamic. â€Å"Drastic changes are needed,† Rakshanda Naz, reside nt director of Aurat Foundation told IPS. â€Å"The social mind-set, specially the attitude of the courts, needs to change. Often the courts adopt a lenient view towards an accused on the grounds of â€Å"grave and sudden provocation† which is nowhere in the law,† she added. Sections of the qisas and diyat law work to the advantage of the accused in the trial and appellate stages.Under section 309 of the law, an adult wall (legal heir) of a deceased could use his right of qisas (to forgive the accused). Similarly, under section 310, the offence of murder is made a compoundable offence and any heir of a deceased could forgive an accused by compounding his right of qisas after receiving compensation.. Since in most honor-related murders, either a husband or parents are the heirs of the slain woman and as the murder takes place in connivance with almost all the family members, they prefer to waive their right of qisas and pardon the accused.Each time, the judicial respons e has appeared to violate the basic principles of justice, activists observed. Uzma Mehboob, a women's rights activist, said no FIR was registered in a recent case in a remote hamlet in NWFP's Mardan district where a powerful landowner sprayed his daughter and driver, who had eloped together, with bullets. Economic injustice involves the state's failure to provide individuals with basic necessities of life, such as access to adequate food and housing, and its maintenance of huge discrepancies in wealth.In the most extreme cases of misdistribution, some individuals suffer from poverty while the elite of that society live in relative luxury. Such injustice can stem from unfair hiring procedures, lack of available jobs and education, and insufficient health care. All of these conditions may lead individuals to believe that they have not received a â€Å"fair share† of the benefits and resources available in that society. Many scholars and activists note that in order to truly ad dress injustice internationally, we must strive to understand its underlying causes.These causes have to do with underdevelopment, economic pressures, various social problems, and international conditions. Indeed, the roots of repression, discrimination, and other injustice stem from deeper and more complex political, social, and economic problems. It is only by understanding and ameliorating these root causes and strengthening civil society that we can truly protect human rights. Addressing political injustice is often a matter of developing institutions of fair governance, such as a responsible police force and judiciary. Legislative action and executive decision-making should likewise be held accountable.Such measures are sometimes a matter of reforming state > institutions or revising state constitution. In cases where some groups are excluded from political participation, the state can remedy violations of political rights by promoting political inclusion and empowering subordi nate groups. Public decision-making should respond to the will of the citizens, and members of the society should have the opportunity to participate in the formulation, execution, and monitoring of state policies. In other words, a culture of political involvement and public participation should be fostered.In addition, there are various social structural changes that might give groups more social, economic, and/or political power. This is often accomplished through the strengthening of the economy and civil society in conjunction with democratization efforts. In some cases countries require outside assistance for election monitoring, nation-building programs and the development of governmental infrastructure to make their political system more stable. Addressing systemic economic injustice is often a matter of economic reforms that give groups better access to jobs, health care, and education.In many cases, lack of access to basic services stems from enormous inequalities in resou rce distribution. Redistribution of benefits and resources can thus-‘ be an important component of social structural changes to remedy injustice. There are various institutional and economic development reforms that might be put in place to raise living standards and boost economic growth. In addition, by creating social and economic safety nets, states can eliminate tension and instability caused by unfair resource allocation. A central goal of responding to injustice is paving the way for future peace.Once conflict has ended and policies of oppression have been repealed, society members face the task of rebuilding their society. Many believe that measures aimed at restorative justice are well-suited for this task. Restorative Justice is concerned with healing wounds of victims and repairing harm done to interpersonal relationships and the community. It can play a crucial role in responding to severe human rights violations or cases of genocide. Huge advances are made when go vernments tell the truth about past atrocities carried out by the state. It is thought that true healing equires remembering the atrocities committed, repenting, and forgiving. War crimes inquiries and truth commissions can aid in the process of memory and truth telling and help to make public the extent to which victims have/suffered. One of the tragic examples of restorative injustice in Pakistan is of the incident of taking away Masihs children away from him. According to the law, all parents in Pakistan – including Christian parents such as the Masihs – have the right to raise their children in their own faith. But the law isn't always followed in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.Particularly when it comes to Christians. The girls were taken Jan. 25 by the family's landlady and her husband with police escorts. The couple contended that the children had converted to Islam and should no longer remain in a Christian home. The Masihs maintain that their daughters are s till Christians, no matter what anyone says, and that even if they did convert to Islam, they should stay with their parents. But 14-year-old Nadia, 11-year-old Nyla and 9-year-old Nabila are gone, and it's unclear whether they'll ever be allowed to return home.The city magistrate overseeing the case admits he decided against the Christians not on the basis of law but on public sentiment and a concern that he could have a religious riot on his hands. â€Å"Legally speaking, they should have been given to their parents,† says Kamran? Abdullah Siddiqi, leaning back in a cushioned chair in his office, where two armed policeman sit against a wall. But Siddiqi says if he did that, â€Å"Some crazy person would come and say these are the children of Islam. They'd say we're going to chop you. We're going to shoot you.We're going to – what did the KKK used to say in America? – lynch you. † Article 36 of Pakistan's Constitution promises to safeguard the rights and interests of religious minorities. But human rights organizations say that's not happening. The U. S. State Department agrees, citing a government-fostered â€Å"atmosphere of religious intolerance† that has led to violence against religious minorities. In Pakistan, 97 percent of the population is Muslim; the rest is made up mostly of Christians but also of Hindus, Buddhists and other groups.Partly at the prodding of concerned American Christian groups, the U. S. Congress earlier this month passed legislation requiring the president to take action against nations that engage in a pattern of religious persecution. In the 1980s, the United States gave Pakistan billions of dollars for economic development. But in recent years, concern that Pakistan was developing a nuclear bomb has prompted sanctions, slashing aid to the millions of dollars, most of it for humanitarian, food and counter narcotics efforts.Pakistan's decision to test nuclear weapons in – May – furth er cooled US – Pakistan relations. Pakistan's pattern of religious persecution, documented for years in State Department reports, could lead to further sanctions. This is not the only case, there are still many stories but the need here is not just to highlight the stories but also to make sure these stories end up with the mess they have already poured in our Islamic society. Restoration often becomes a matter of restitution or war reparations.In cases where clear acts of injustice have taken place, some type of compensation package can help to meet the material and emotional needs of victims and remedy the injustice. Repentance can also help to re-establish relationships among the conflicting parties and help them to move toward reconciliation. In some cases, conflicts can end more peacefully when parties acknowledge their guilt and apologize than when formal war crimes adjudication or criminal proceedings are used. In cases of civil war, because the line between offenders and victims can become blurred, a central goal of peace building is to restore the community as a whole.Restoration often becomes tied to the transformation of the relationship between the conflicting parties. However, such restoration cannot take place unless it is supported by wider social conditions and unless the larger community makes restorative processes available. Many note that an adequate response to injustice must involve social structural changes, reconstruction programs to help communities ravaged by conflict, democratization and the creation of institutions of civil society. Only then can the underlying causes of injustice be remedied.Summing up my thesis I would only add that by setting examples of injustice we are actually creating fear in the society to fight for their basic rights. This fear is one of the major causes of our poor economy and this is the vital reason, why we are left behind from other countries. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1)http://www. beyondintractability. org/ essay/address_in justice/ 2)http://www. spectrezine. org/global/Bello. htm 3)Pakistan, G. (2003). Accelerating Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty: The Road Ahead.Islamabad: Government of Pakistan. 4)http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_justice 5)http://www. injusticefilm. co. uk/impactofinjustice. htm 1 6)http://www. himalmag. com/2006/may/analysis_3. html 7)http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Justice 8)http://www. pakistanchristianpost. com/newsviewsdetail s. php? newsid=255 9)http://www. wisdomquotes. com/cat_conscience. html 10)http: //prague. usembassy. gov/060117__mlk. html 11)http://www. equalitynow. org/english/urgent/urgent_muk htaranmai en. html

Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Essays

Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Essays Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Paper Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Paper Substantivism and Formalism Essay The Disembedded economy Why might Polanyi claim that disembedded economies are less stable than embedded ones? Does a market society require a certain level of insecurity for its members? How might people find a disembedded economy empowering? Can there be such a thing as a ‘pure’ market society? Is ‘marketization’ a helpful concept with which to understand contemporary capitalism? Industrial capitalism and machines etc were all part of the establishment of the market economy. The motive of subsistence must become one of gain. The merchant makes his profits on the market and prices are allowed to regulate themselves. Such a self-regulating system of markets is what we call a market economy. The transformation to this system is like the metamorphis of a caterpillar- so stark that it is almost not like a continuous process. Machines in a society transform nature into a commodity. Dalton on Polanyi: Material self-gain is institutionally enforced In traditional bands the institutions through which goods were produced and distributed wer embedded in an inseperable part of social institutions, and the economy functioned as by product of kinship political and religious obligations and relationships. economy’ is not a field of experience of which humans have always been aware. Primitive societies are gemeinchaften not gesellshaften. Hunger is not an incentive for production. Classical economics and Marxist socialism came from the industrial revolution. Laissez faire capitalism was created in response to the need for machine technology Burling Economics deals with the material means to man’s existence: Does the good have to be ‘material’ in order to be in the realm of economic? Price of a ticket or the cost of someone’s wages are not material yet are economic. We economize between material and non material ends. Do I work overtime in order to afford myself a DVD or do I refuse the overtime and have more leisure time at home with my family? Polanyi makes the distinction between economics in the substantive sense that’s material, and in the formal sense- rationalizing and calculating. Polanyi says that because we have the market these two aspects come together but they wouldn’t in a primitive economy. Primitives economize too. The materialness is irrelevant. Economics is the distribution of goods and services: But not any goods and services, only economic ones which makes this statement useless. If its to do with price systems then some societies don’t have economics. ‘Economics is the allocation of scarce means to multiple ends’ Draws parralells with Freud and maximizing by sacrificing pleasure for future gain. We need to escape the notion of economic as involved with the material , in order to move on with the discussions. Cook ‘Love distorts indeed, but hate distorts even more’ Substantivist theory built around the market and pre-market societies. Now the pre-market societies are almost extinct. Dalton- the section being dominated by the market principle is becoming enlarged. Bohannan- transitional and peasant economies are mentioned. Frank knight and merville herskovitz debate- herskovitz didn’t understand the economic man. Romantic anti-market syndrome Polanyi-primitive societies, reciprocity and redistribution- alledgedly a conflict-free model. Le Clair- why is there a felt need for a substantivist definition of economics. Polanyi and Dalton- scarcity is solely a function of social organization Anti market ideology. Go against the scientific method of enquiry- test and dismiss Dalton Economic theory cannot be applied to primitive economies Economic theory was influenced by factory industrialism and market organization. The market continues outside of market places in the west It is market organization that compels its participants to seek material self-gain: each must sell something of market value to acquire the material means of existence. Back in the 19th century the economy was a cohesive entity apart from other subsystems in society. Neither government, family or religion controlled market organization. They did obviously affect supply and demand though (eg more fish in catholic countries). When market organization is economy wide it creates a market society in the sense that social organization has to adapt to market needs to allow the sustained provision of material goods and of money incomes with which to acquire goods. A market economy can only exist in a market society society itself is subordinated to the laws of the market’- Polanyi (e. g when labourers wages drop they look for work elsewhere and migrate, so location of population conforms to market registered needs for labour) The market economy is highly decentralized, and this reinforces the atomistic view of society as simply an aggregate of self-interested individuals. William Townsend- hunger makes people work Malthus- natural fertility of humans makes food scarce and population growth brought about wages. Man’s existence requires material sustenance, but not unlimited wants, this is product of social organization. Economic in the substantive sense ‘provision of material goods which satisfy biological and social wants’. Economic in the formalist sense is described by the terms ‘economical’ and ‘economizing’. Denotes a set of rules designed to maximize the achievement of some end or to minimize the expenditure of some means. Substantivists believe that all places have an economy, but formalists believe that all places economize. In primitive economies people do not want profit. Where money is used in a primitive economy, it is not all-purpose money. -cattle/bridewealth. Market economy is unicentric because of the wide variety of material items and labour transacted in the sphere of market exchange. In contrast, primitive economy is multicentric and the dominant centres are organized through nonmarket patterns of intergration such as reciprocity and redistribution. What is a money economy to an anthropologist appears as a market economy to an economist. In primitive economy the basic institutional precondition is absent, the bulk of material income is not derived from, and therefore does not depend on market sales of output. Firth in NG-There is no final measure of the value of individual things, and you can’t make everything have a value in relation to one thing as there are many types of exchange. In primitive societies there are no penalties for non-repayment of loans. Primitive economy is different from market industrialism not in degree but in kind. Cancian Considers the two sides of the argument Formalists- even if a man is maximizing using only the scarcity of his human energy it is still maximizing. So he is economizing. It’s wrong to reject the strategy before trying to balance the equation. Burling-economic anthropology should be the search for the multiple actors that people maximize.

Removal of Ten Commandment Displays essays

Removal of Ten Commandment Displays essays The possible removal of the Ten Commandment displays may be the worst thing to happen to our country. In the past few years there have been too many issues about why certain words of God are included in purely governmental type documents and, such as this case on displays. When these documents were written, our country was very biblical and religious. The reason our country even exists is primarily religious. Most of the first settlers who came to the United States came because they were seeking religious freedom. Yes, they wanted to separate the state from the church, but they wanted that so that we, all of us, could have the freedom to choose our own religion. They provided us with the ability to be Christian, Pagan, or Atheist; the very ability to protest against these historical monuments. They included God in these things because He was, is, and always will be, and should be a part of things, even the government. The Founding Fathers separated church and state because they were abusing each other not because they do not need support from one another. At the time the first seekers of religious freedom settled in America, citizens had to pay a certain amount of money to the church, and the government decided what religion all their citizens would be. If you practiced other religions you would be persecuted. The Fathers separated the church and state because they were corrupt and powerful together. Not because they should not get help from one another. How much has the crime in this country increased since they took prayer out of schools? Since teacher started teaching about evolution, yet are not allowed to teach about God? Why are Christian beliefs wrong, and Atheist beliefs right? Christians have been fighting a long battle to keep their morals and beliefs alive and Atheists have fought even harder to shoot them down. What is wrong with having faith? Put aside the fact that the Commandments are from the Bible and look a...